| 魏小华,黄宴萍,许瑞家,等.学龄前儿童气质特点的影响因素与对策研究[J].安徽医药,2020,24(6):1162-1167. |
| 学龄前儿童气质特点的影响因素与对策研究 |
| Influencing factors and countermeasures of preschool children’s temperament characteristics |
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| DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1009?6469.2020.06.025 |
| 中文关键词: 儿童，学龄前 气质 问卷调查 社会适应 个性量表 影响因素 |
| 英文关键词: Child,preschool Temperament Questionnaires Social adjustment Personality inventory Influence factors |
| 基金项目:陕西省软科学研究计划一般项目( 2018KRM080)；西安市社会科学规划基金项目(19y83) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的探讨陕西省学龄前儿童气质特点的影响因素与对策，为改善其气质提供参考。方法使用随机整群抽样法，于 2014年 10月至 2015年 12月分别在陕西西安和广东深圳的东、南、西、北 4个城区及郊区各选取 2所幼儿园，从每个幼儿园中抽取 6个班(小、中、大班各 2个)进行问卷调查。问卷由父母或监护人匿名填写，内容包括一般资料问卷、左启华修订的婴儿—初中学生社会生活能力量表、艾森克个性问卷( EPQ)(成人用)、儿童气质量表共 4部分。采用多因素 logistic回归分析法对儿童气质类型的影响因素进行统计分析。结果(1)年龄趋势分析显示:每个气质类型中(或所有的气质类型汇总后)各年龄段的例数在总例数中的占比，随年龄上升而变化的趋势检验大多差异有统计学意义( P＜0.05)。(2)多因素 logistic回归显，示:独生子女( OR＝2.017，P＝0.001)、孩子犯错时的管教方式为打骂( OR＝1.360，P＝0.017)、情绪及孕期有异常( OR＝2.333，P＝0.001)是儿童气质类型的不利影响因素，而社会生活能力标准分高( OR＝0.483，P＝0.003)、父母关系好( OR＝0.392，P＝0.000)、管教态度一致( OR＝0.784，P＝0.004)、父亲个性好( OR＝0.725，P＝0.028)、孕期营养良好( OR＝0.841，P＝0.007)是儿童气质类型的有利影响因素。结论学龄前儿童气质不仅仅受先天遗传的影响，而且还与后天环境息息相关。在幼儿的养育过程中，父母及家人不但要重视孕期保健，而且更需要营造良好的家庭氛围，促进儿童个性气质的良性发展。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To study the influencing factors and countermeasures of temperament characteristics of preschool children in Shaanxi Province，so as to provide reference for improving their temperament.Methods From October 2014 to December 2015， random cluster sampling method was used to select 2 kindergartens in Xi’an，Shaanxi Province and 2 kindergartens in the eastern， southern，western and northern districts and suburbs of Shenzhen，Guangdong Province respectively.Six classes(with respectively two primary classes，medium classes and senior classes)were selected from each kindergarten for questionnaire survey.The ques?tionnaire was completed anonymously by parents or guardians，and the contents included 4 parts:general data questionnaire，Social Life Ability Scale for Infants and Junior High School Students revised by Zuo Qihua，Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ)(for adults)and Children Temperament Scale.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of children’s temperament types.Results Age trend analysis showed that in each temperament type(or after summarizing all temper? ament types)， the proportion of cases in the total cases in each age group was statistically significant，and the trend tests that changed with age were mostly different(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression showed that the only child(OR＝2.017，P＝0.001)， beating and scolding when the child made mistakes(OR＝1.360，P＝0.017)， abnormal emotions and pregnancy(OR＝ 2.333，P＝0.001)were the unfavorable influencing factors of children’s temperament type，while the high standard score of social living capacity(OR＝0.483，P＝0.003)，good parental relationship(OR＝0.392，P＝0.000)，consistent discipline attitude(OR＝0.784，P＝0.004)， pleasing personality of father(OR＝0.725，P＝0.028)and good nutrition during pregnancy(OR＝0.841，P＝ 0.007)were the favorable influencing factors of children’s temperament type.Conclusions Temperament of preschool children is not only affected by congenital heredity，but also closely related to the acquired environment.In the process of raising young chil? dren，parents and their families should not only attach importance to health care during pregnancy，but also create a good family at? mosphere to promote the healthy development of children’s personality and temperament. |
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